The world number one Serb and the third-ranked Spaniard were placed in the same half of the draw, leaving Roger Federer, the second seed, to remain untroubled by either of his two great rivals until the final.
Djokovic, the runner-up to Nadal last year and who still needs a French Open to complete a career Grand Slam, starts against Belgium's David Goffin, who made the last 16 in 2012 after coming through qualifying.
Federer, the 2009 champion who is chasing an 18th major, starts his campaign against a qualifier while Nadal begins against Germany's Daniel Brands.
Nadal, going after an unprecedented eighth French Open title, was seeded three after missing seven months through injury.
But he has been in great form since his return, winning six titles from eight finals.
One of those final losses was to Djokovic at the Monte Carlo Masters.
Friday's proceedings were always going to place Nadal in the path of Djokovic or Federer with the draw given added spice by the withdrawal through injury of world number two Andy Murray and Juan Martin del Potro, the world number seven.
Djokovic could face fast-rising Bulgarian Grigor Dimitrov, the boyfriend of Maria Sharapova, in the third round with compatriot Janko Tipsarevic a likely quarter-final opponent.
