Ashton's mainly symbolic visit comes amid a thaw in Iran's strained relations with the West after Tehran signed a preliminary deal last November rolling back parts of its nuclear activities in return for a curbing of some Western sanctions.
The breakthrough was made possible after last year's election of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, viewed as a relative moderate who has the ear of supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
Negotiators hope to reach final agreement by July 20, when the interim pact is due to expire.
Experts from all the parties have already met to prepare the way for the next high-level talks in Vienna on March 17, which will be followed by several others rounds until July.
Ashton, who leads the P5+1's engagement with Iran, will meet Rouhani, Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, "as well as other senior officials and representatives from leading Civil Society organisations," a brief statement from her office said.
Her trip follows official visits by top diplomats from Italy, Sweden, Belgium and Spain.
"She comes to further oil the wheels of relations with Iran," one Tehran-based European diplomat told AFP.
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