The hostages were later released unharmed, while a manhunt was underway for the six hostage-takers in neighbouring France, the regional Neuchatel police said in a statement.
"At dawn, six individuals took a family hostage in Chaux-de-Fonds," in western Switzerland, the statement said.
Police spokesman Pierre-Louis Rochaix told AFP the family consisted of a father, mother and a child aged around 10.
"They were taken hostage at their home," he said, adding that no physical violence appeared to have been used.
The kidnappers had taken the family with them to an area called Biaufond, where they left them before heading towards the nearby French border.
Once the police were notified, a "large contingent" was deployed, first in Switzerland and subsequently in France, where national police are searching for the perpetrators, the statement said.
A Neuchatel prosecutor has opened criminal proceedings in the case, it added.
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