UN General Jean Baillaud, acting commander of the UN's MONUSCO force, told AFP the peacekeepers had tracked down the rebels of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and attacked them at dawn using combat helicopters.
"We followed the trail of the ADF who attacked the town of Eringeti on Sunday," he said, adding that "operations were still ongoing at 13:30 (1130GMT)."
The general said the fighting took place in the north of Nord-Kivu province, a few kilometres southeast of Eringeti "in a marshy area where all the population had left."
The rebels withdrew after several hours of fighting with government and UN forces.
MONUSCO said 24 people were killed, including a UN peacekeeper from Malawi and 12 rebels.
The mostly Muslim rebels, who have been active in the forested region since being driven out of their homeland in 1995, are accused of a series of killings which have claimed the lives of more than 450 civilians since October 2014.
In December that year, Congolese and UN troops launched a joint operation that helped to restore a degree of calm to the region, but the killings did not stop and spread northwards.
Its leader Jamil Mukulu was arrested in Tanzania in April and extradited to Uganda in July.
The rebels also engage in a profitable illegal traffic in prized tropical timber.
MONUSCO -- the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in the Congo -- comprises about 20,000 uniformed personnel overseeing the disarmament, demobilisation, repatriation and reintegration programme for rebel groups.
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