Former Trinidad & Tobago prime minster Manning dies at 69

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Patrick Manning, a geologist who led the resource-rich Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago as prime minister through a boom in its petrochemical sector until his party was defeated amid rising crime and corruption, has died. He was 69.
Manning died today morning at the San Fernando General Hospital after battling acute myeloid leukemia, his family said in a statement on his official Facebook page.
He was prime minister of the twin-island country from 1991-95 and from 2001-10.
Born to poor parents in 1946 in San Fernando, the country's industrial capital, Manning was a child when Trinidad and Tobago moved toward independence from Britain in 1962.

Manning had said his family was so poor that he regularly wore shirts sewn from flour sacks. In July 2009 comments to the Trinidad & Tobago Express, he recalled his mother making him wear one of his sister's frilled blouses one day when he no longer had any shirts for school.
He excelled as a student and earned a degree in geology at Jamaica's campus of the University of the West Indies, then worked as a refinery operator and later a geologist in Trinidad for the U.S. Oil company Texaco.

Trinidad began producing petrochemicals for export in 1959, three years before independence from Britain and the industry has blossomed in the ensuing decades and natural gas and petroleum products have been the leading exports in recent years.

Manning decided to change his career track to politics in 1971 under the tutelage of black nationalist Eric Williams, who was the country's first prime minister and founded the People's National Movement. Williams attempted to create a national movement, but the party never attracted support from the descendants of migrants from India, who make up more than 30 percent of the population.
Manning was a junior minister in Williams' governments before he was named minister of energy in 1981. The People's National Movement lost power in 1986 amid economic decline and accusations of corruption as oil prices fell and the currency was devalued.

Manning emerged as political leader of the party in 1986, taking one of only three seats its candidates won in the general elections that year.
He was credited with rejuvenating the party, especially after the black Muslim Jamaat al Muslimeen staged a violent coup attempt, killing 24 people and briefly holding the Cabinet hostage before surrendering.
In 1991 elections, Manning led the People's National Movement to a drubbing of then-Prime Minister Arthur N.R. Robinson's National Alliance for Reconstruction.