France's 2.147 trillion-euro debt makes the eurozone's second-biggest economy vulnerable to speculation, he said in his first general policy speech to parliament.
"We are dancing on a volcano that is rumbling ever louder," he said, announcing plans to wean the French off their "addiction" to public spending.
Philippe said centrist President Emmanuel Macron's government would aim to bring down public spending as a percentage of GDP by three points from 56 percent currently -- one of Europe's highest levels.
He also pledged to slash corporate taxes to make France more attractive to investors.
"France cannot remain the champion both of public spending and taxes," the centrist premier said.
"Businesses must want to set up and develop on our territory rather than elsewhere," he told lawmakers, announcing a progressive lowering of the corporation tax rate from 33.3 percent to 25 percent by 2022.
He also reiterated the government's ambition of bringing the deficit within an EU limit of 3.0 percent of GDP this year.
Stressing the importance of "investing in the sectors of the future", Philippe told parliament that the package would also focus on developing skills.
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