The 91-year-old Dassault, who is also a member of the French Senate with the conservative Republicans party, is France's third wealthiest person with a net worth estimated by Forbes magazine of $14.8 billion (13.3 billion euros).
The tycoon has been caught in a complex legal web, accused of crimes ranging from tax fraud to buying the votes of poor families of immigrant backgrounds in the southern Paris suburb of Corbeil-Essonnes where he was mayor for 14 years.
His trial on Monday relates to charges he stashed some 31 million euros from French tax authorities in Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and the Virgin Islands.
The existence of the secret bank accounts emerged during a separate investigation into Dassault, over vote-buying in elections in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in Corbeil-Essonnes.
Dassault was mayor of the town from 1995 to 2009.
Dassault was charged in April 2014 with vote-buying, complicity in illegal election campaign financing and exceeding campaign spending limits.
He was charged alongside seven other people, including his friend and current mayor Jean-Pierre Bechter.
Dassault admits using his vast personal wealth to help residents of Corbeil, but denies any payouts were made in exchange for electoral support.
Witnesses who claim to have been paid have told investigators that in return for support, residents could expect money for driving lessons or help with finding accommodation subsidised by the local council.
In May a court heard the money has fuelled violence, threats and extortion in the small town.
A close ally of Dassault's Younes Bounounara was sentenced to 15 years in prison for attempted murder in May for shooting a man who filmed Dassault admitting he had given money to Bounounara.
French satirical newspaper Canard Enchaine later revealed that Dassault had given Bounounara 1.7 million euros that he had not shared out as planned.
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