The remarks underscored the still-strained relations between Tehran and Washington, which unveiled new missile-linked sanctions against Iran on Sunday almost as soon as the nuclear-related measures were scrapped.
In his first comments since the atomic agreement was implemented at the weekend, Khamenei told President Hassan Rouhani in a letter to "guard against deceit and violations of arrogant states particularly the United States".
Rouhani wrote to Khamenei yesterday to provide an update after the UN atomic watchdog declared Saturday that Iran had met conditions stipulated in the nuclear deal.
Washington cut diplomatic ties with Iran in 1979, when its embassy in Tehran was stormed by students, months after the Islamic revolution, leading to a 444-day hostage crisis.
Khamenei has never endorsed repairing relations with the US and has largely followed a similar tack to Iran's late leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who dubbed America the "Great Satan".
Opening up to the world cannot completely fix the economy, Rouhani said today in a televised speech, warning the "difficult road has just begun".
"Today is just the start for an innocent human who was kept chained unjustly by the hands and feet for 12 years," said the president.
"Today, our main problem is unemployment and recession, the lack of a booming economy and many structural and economic deficiencies."
Iran hopes that steps to ease its isolation, including the re-admission of its banks to the SWIFT system of international transactions, will inject new vigour into the economy.
The central bank said that USD 28 billion (25.8 billion euros) of the unfrozen funds would go to it and USD 4 billion "will be transferred to the state treasury as the share of the government".
Iran's economy suffered greatly under the international sanctions that since 2006 targeted the Islamic republic's nuclear programme and financial systems.
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