Support for Kenny's centre-right Fine Gael party slumped to 26.1 per cent compared to 36.1 in the previous election in 2011, according to the exit poll conducted by Ipsos, MRBI for the Irish Times.
Junior coalition partner Labour meanwhile saw its support shrink to 7.8 per cent from 19.5 per cent, as its centre-left base was alienated by an austerity programme of budget cuts and tax hikes.
The Times calculated that Fine Gael and Labour may get between 58 and 68 seats between them -- far short of the 80 needed for a majority.
While Fine Gael looks set to be the largest party, according to the exit poll, Kenny will likely be forced to look for additional partners for support in government.
Possibilities include cobbling together extra support from independent politicians and small parties, a re-run of the election, a minority government, or a historic "grand coalition" between Fine Gael and old rivals Fianna Fail.
Fianna Fail are the runners-up in the exit poll, which showed the party set to almost double its seats since 2011, when voters punished the party for an economic crisis and housing crash under its governance.
"Some of the old guard in both parties because of historical patterns would find it very hard to swallow," said Gail McElroy, professor in political science at Trinity College Dublin.
"In policy it would actually be the easiest coalition to run, it would be very stable. But for the old guard it's admitting defeat."
Either way, parties will be mindful of a deadline of March 10, when the new parliament is set to meet and nominate a new prime minister or Taoiseach.
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