Lack of knowledge on animal disease leaves humans at risk

Researchers have painted the most detailed picture to date of major infectious diseases shared between wildlife and livestock, and found a huge gap in knowledge about diseases which could spread to humans.
A world-first study found that just ten diseases account for around 50 per cent of all published knowledge on diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface.
The research is based on an analysis of almost 16,000 publications spanning the last century.
In the wake of recent virus outbreaks of wildlife origin, such as Hendra virus in Australia, Ebola virus in West Africa, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in the Arabian Peninsula, more research should focus on this wildlife-livestock interface to evaluate risks and improve responses to disease epidemics in animals and humans, the researchers said.

"Oftentimes we don't prioritise animal health until it impacts on human health, which means we miss the opportunity to manage diseases at the source," said co-author Siobhan Mor from the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney.
"In the case of emerging diseases, we tend to react to large outbreaks of disease in humans, rather than preventing or managing the infection in animals, likely because we still don't know a lot about the role of these microbes in the ecology of wildlife and livestock disease," said Mor.

Researchers identified which diseases and types of animals were most prevalent in available published literature.

They measured how research has changed over time and how the diseases and animals involved differ by geographic region.
The results show the bulk of published research over the past century has focused on known zoonoses - diseases that are shared between animals and humans - to the detriment of studies on diseases affecting only animals.
"We know far less about the range of diseases that impact on animal health and welfare. This is particularly true for wildlife, which remains very poorly funded," said co-author Anke Wiethoelter from University of Sydney.
"Paradoxically, this also means we know less about the diseases that could be a precursor to infectious diseases in humans," Wiethoelter said.

"In the case of Hendra virus in Australia, for instance, there are still big question marks around how the virus is transmitted between bats and horses, and factors influencing its transmission," Wiethoelter said.
"And we now know that bats can harbour many germs, but the research investment into wildlife disease ecology simply isn't there," Wiethoelter said.
The study was published in the journal PNAS.