Richard Horwell told an inquiry into Litvinenko's death that the killing - which police blame on two Russians directed by elements in the Kremlin - may have exposed "hundreds if not thousands of Londoners" to radioactive contamination.
"We will never know how dangerous the exposure of polonium to the public at large will be and what long-term effects will be visited on Londoners," Horwell said.
Litvinenko, a KGB officer-turned-Kremlin critic who fled to Britain in 2000, died in 2006, three weeks after drinking tea laced with polonium-210 at a London hotel. On his deathbed, Litvinenko accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of ordering his assassination - a claim Moscow denies.
Horwell said the "the science is such that the finger points unwaveringly" at Kovtun and Lugovoi.
"The Metropolitan Police Service want Lugovoi and Kovtun to be tried in this country for murder," Horwell said.
But that seems a remote prospect. Moscow refuses to extradite the suspects. Lugovoi is now a lawmaker in Russia, and in March he was given a medal by Putin for services to the nation.
Traces of the radioactive isotope, which is deadly if ingested in tiny quantities, were found in sites across London that the pair visited, including hotel rooms, restaurants, nightclubs and the stadium of soccer team Arsenal.
Lawyers are making closing statements at the months-long inquiry, which is due to end tomorrow. Judge Robert Owen, who has heard from dozens of witnesses and seen secret evidence from the British intelligence services, plans to release his conclusions by the end of the year.
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