The appeal to the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention in Geneva came as Nasheed's wife Laila Ali visited Washington to lobby the White House, State Department and Congress to press for his release.
"This is a very difficult time for me and my children, but today I also have hope," Ali said in Washington, alongside her legal team that includes London-based human rights lawyer Amal Clooney.
Nasheed was imprisoned for 13 years in March following a rushed trial which the United Nations says violated international standards as well as the Maldives' own laws and practices.
Clooney, whose husband is Hollywood film star George Clooney, described Nasheed as a "political prisoner" who was "wrongly convicted" at the conclusion of "a sham trial."
"He's still a popular figure," she told reporters at the National Press Club, with his arrest prompting ongoing demonstrations in the Maldives capital Male.
Clooney said: "In our filing, we ask the UN to rule that president Nasheed's detention is arbitrary and illegal under international law."
"We hope that as a result of today's filing that the UN will demand that the government of the Maldives take the only action that can address this injustice: Free president Nasheed," Clooney said.
Last week Amnesty International warned of a "rapidly deteriorating" human rights situation in the Maldives that clashed with the archipelago's international image as a sun-kissed holiday destination.
Its researcher for the Maldives, Abbas Faiz, said in New Delhi that harassment and attacks as well as denial of justice by the courts were increasingly common against anyone voicing dissent.
