Light activates the brain in blind people

Light not only activates the brain, it does so even in people who can not see, researchers have found.
Light enhanced brain activity during a cognitive task even in people who were totally blind, according to a study by researchers from the University of Montreal and Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital.
"We were stunned to discover that the brain still respond significantly to light in these rare three completely blind patients despite having absolutely no conscious vision at all," said senior co-author Steven Lockley.
"Light doesn't just allow us to see, it tells the brain whether it's night or day which in-turn ensures that our physiology, metabolism and behaviour are synchronised with environmental time," said Lockley.

"For diurnal species like ours, light stimulates day-like brain activity, improving alertness and mood, and enhancing performance on many cognitive tasks," said senior co-author Julie Carrier.
The results indicate that their brains can still "see", or detect, light via a novel photoreceptor in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, different from the rods and cones we use to see.

Scientists believe, however, that these specialised photoreceptors in the retina also contribute to visual function in the brain even when cells in the retina responsible for normal image formation have lost their ability to receive or process light.
A previous study in a single blind patient suggested that this was possible but the research team wanted to confirm this result in different patients. To test this hypothesis, the three participants were asked to say whether a blue light was on or off, even though they could not see the light.

"We found that the participants did indeed have a non-conscious awareness of the light - they were able to determine correctly when the light was on greater than chance without being able to see it," said first author Gilles Vandewalle.
The next steps involved looking closely at what happened to brain activation when light was flashed at their eyes at the same time as their attentiveness to a sound was monitored.
Finally, the participants underwent a functional MRI brain scan as they performed a simple sound matching task while lights were flashed in their eyes.
"The fMRI further showed that during an auditory working memory task, less than a minute of blue light activated brain regions important to perform the task.