Manchester United and City were made to work hard for 2-1 wins against German clubs Wolfsburg and Borussia Moenchengladbach respectively on Wednesday, 24 hours after Chelsea and Arsenal had both crashed to defeats.
Former United star Ronaldo, meanwhile, scored his 500th career goal and then equalled Raul Gonzalez Blanco's club record tally of 323 goals for Real Madrid as the Spaniards won 2-0 against Malmo in Sweden.
Both Manchester sides were looking to bounce back from defeats in their opening Champions League group games two weeks ago and United got their campaign back on track in Group B, although only after falling behind.
"It was very difficult because they scored so early," United manager Louis van Gaal told BT Sport. "Then we did very well. We created a lot of chances. But we don't finish it and it was a lucky penalty, I think.
"Then we score and after that it was suffering. We have to keep the ball better in the second half."
PSV had beaten United in the Netherlands a fortnight ago but they were taken apart in the first half at the Arena Khimki, Ahmed Musa opening the scoring before Seydou Doumbia headed in a second and then scored a penalty.
Doumbia might have had a hat-trick, only to blaze another spot-kick over the bar, and PSV were given hope when Maxime Lestienne scored a second-half brace. However, CSKA held on as the visitors finished with 10 men after Santiago Arias was sent off.
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