The British airline and its holidays business entered administration, with KPMG appointed to oversee the financial chaos.
The UK's Civil Aviation Authority described the situation as "the biggest ever UK airline failure," adding that "all future holidays and flights provided by these companies have been cancelled and are no longer operating".
It added in a statement that "the government has asked the CAA to support Monarch customers currently abroad to get back to the UK at the end of their holiday at no extra cost to them".
"This is a hugely distressing situation for British holidaymakers abroad and my first priority is to help them get back to the UK," Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said in a statement.
"That is why I have immediately ordered the country's biggest ever peacetime repatriation to fly about 110,000 passengers who could otherwise have been left stranded abroad."
He added: "This is an unprecedented response to an unprecedented situation."
Affected parties used social media to get their messages across, mirroring the situation a week ago when Ryanair cancelled thousands of flights as it battles to overcome a shortage of pilots.
Meanwhile customer Holly-Rae Copeland tweeted: "Just when you think you've avoided ryanair's flight cancellations, #monarchairlines go into administration on the day of your flight."
KPMG partner and joint administrator, Blair Nimmo, said "mounting cost pressures and increasingly competitive market conditions in the European short-haul market have contributed to the Monarch Group experiencing a sustained period of trading losses".
Consequently, more than 2,000 Monarch workers now risk losing their jobs.
The airline had been struggling financially for a while and won a cash injection a year ago that allowed it to continue flying holidaymakers and fund growth plans, as the sector faced turbulence from Brexit and terrorism.
But the CAA has now decided against renewing the airline's licences following expiry at the end of September.
Extension of the group's membership in the Air Travel Organiser's Licence (ATOL) -- a scheme funded by the sector that compensates travellers in the case of a company collapse -- had been on condition of fresh funding.
Monarch, based at Luton airport north of London, had meanwhile been due to take delivery of the first of 30 Boeing 737 MAX-8 aircraft in 2018.
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