Australian Defence Chief Gen David Hurley told a Senate committee that 63 women were either in front line roles or training for them since gender barriers were lifted across the army, navy and air force in January 2013.
But women opting for direct combat roles still make up a tiny proportion of the 8,000 women in the Australian Defence Force. Women account for 14 per cent of Australia's military.
The Defence Department did not immediately respond today to a request for a list of jobs that the 63 women,15 permanent personnel and 48 reservists had chosen.
The department did not say whether any woman had served in a combat role in Afghanistan.
"We don't spotlight women in combat roles. We think that would put more pressure on them," Hurley told the committee. The formerly male-only jobs are open only to women currently enlisted in the military services. Civilian women will be able to be recruited directly into these jobs from 2016.
Removing gender barriers from the military faced resistance both within the ranks as well as in the wider Australian population.
The Australian Defence Association, an influential security think-tank, warned that physical differences between the genders would leave even physically strong women more vulnerable in combat than their male comrades.
Australia has ended combat operations in Afghanistan and withdrew about 1,000 troops in 2013, but still has about 400 troops there in advisory and training roles. Australia has lost 40 troops in the Afghan campaign since 2002.