The meeting of the NATO-Russia Council will be the first since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, when the alliance cut off all practical ties with Moscow in protest.
Relations have worsened over Moscow's air campaign in Syria and tensions have flared in the past week after two incidents involving the US military and Russian planes in the Baltic Sea.
Ambassadors from the 28 countries that make up NATO will meet Russian officials in Brussels to discuss Ukraine, improving military cooperation and the war in Afghanistan.
High on the agenda will be an incident this month when Russian warplanes flew within metres of an American missile destroyer in the Baltic Sea in what the US called a "simulated attack".
Two days later, a US air force plane was intercepted by a Russian fighter, prompting Stoltenberg to accuse Russia's military of "unprofessional and unsafe behaviour".
Fears the two sides could become embroiled in violence have grown since Russia started a bombing campaign in Syria, particularly after alliance member Turkey shot down a Russian fighter jet on its border in November.
Russia's representative at the talks, Alexander Grushko, has said he will use the meeting to protest at NATO's activities close to its western borders.
"Today we are having a military build-up in the Baltic area, which from our point of view is absolutely unjustified," he said last week. "The shape of NATO-Russia relations is very bad."
The talks will also focus on implementing the Minsk ceasefire accords in Ukraine, which were supposed to herald a broader settlement and return control of the eastern border with Russia to Kiev.
Crimea's future remains highly uncertain with Russian President Vladimir Putin insisting it will never be given up and NATO equally insistent it will never recognise its annexation.
