Not everyone wants cheering up: study

People with low self-esteem may not really want you to try to boost their spirits, a new study suggests.
Those with low self-esteem have overly negative views of themselves, and often interpret critical feedback, romantic rejections, or unsuccessful job applications as evidence of their general unworthiness, researchers said.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada found no evidence that positive re-framing helps participants with low self-esteem.
They suggest that such people likely don't want you to try to cheer them up.
"People with low self-esteem want their loved ones to see them as they see themselves," said Professor Denise Marigold, from Renison University College at Waterloo, and lead author of the study.

"As such, they are often resistant to their friends' reminders of how positively they see them and reject what we call positive re-framing-expressions of optimism and encouragement for bettering their situation," Marigold said.

These individuals usually prefer negative validation, which conveys that the feelings, actions or responses of the recipient are normal, reasonable, and appropriate to the situation.
So a friend could express understanding about the predicament or for the difficulty of a situation, and suggest that expressing negative emotions is appropriate and understandable.
The researchers found no evidence that positive re-framing
helps participants with low self-esteem. And in fact, the people providing support to friends with low self-esteem often felt worse about themselves when they attempted to cheer up their friend.

Some study participants indicated that supporting friends with low self-esteem could be frustrating and tiring.
The researchers found that when these support providers used positive re-framing instead of negative validation in these situations, they often believed the interaction went poorly, perhaps because the friends with low self-esteem were not receptive and the efforts didn't work.
"If your attempt to point out the silver lining is met with a sullen reminder of the prevailing dark cloud, you might do best to just acknowledge the dark cloud and sympathise," said Marigold.
The findings appear in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.