Now, turn any surface into touchscreen using spray paint

Scientists have developed a new technology that can turn any surface - including walls, furniture and steering wheels - into a touch screen using tools as simple as a can of spray paint.
The "trick" is to apply electrically conductive coatings or materials to objects or surfaces, or to craft objects using conductive materials, researchers said.
By attaching a series of electrodes to the conductive materials, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in the US showed they could use a well-known technique called electric field tomography to sense the position of a finger touch.
"For the first time, we have been able to take a can of spray paint and put a touch screen on almost anything," said Chris Harrison, assistant professor at Carnegie's Human- Computer Interaction Institute (HCII).

Until now, large touch surfaces have been expensive and irregularly shaped, or flexible touch surfaces have been largely available only in research labs.
Some methods have relied on computer vision, which can be disrupted if a camera's view of a surface is blocked. The presence of cameras also raises privacy concerns.

With the new technology dubbed Electrick, conductive touch surfaces can be created by applying conductive paints, bulk plastics or carbon-loaded films among other materials.
Yang Zhang, PhD student at HCII, said that Electrick is both accessible to hobbyists and compatible with common manufacturing methods, such as spray coating, vacuum forming and casting/molding, as well as 3D printing.

Like many touchscreens, Electrick relies on the shunting effect - when a finger touches the touchpad, it shunts a bit of electric current to ground.
By attaching multiple electrodes to the periphery of an object or conductive coating, Zhang and his colleagues showed they could localise where and when such shunting occurs.
They did this by using electric field tomography - sequentially running small amounts of current through the electrodes in pairs and noting.
The trade-off, in comparison to other touch input devices, is accuracy, researchers said.
Electrick can detect the location of a finger touch to an accuracy of one centimetre, which is sufficient for using the touch surface as a button, slider or other control, Zhang said.

Zhang, Harrison and Gierad Laput, another HCII PhD student, used Electrick to add touch sensing to surfaces as large as a 4-by-8-foot sheet of drywall, as well as objects as varied as a steering wheel and the surface of a guitar.
The technology was used to make an interactive smartphone case - opening applications such as a camera based on how the user holds the phone - and a game controller that can change the position and combinations of buttons and sliders based on the game being played or the player's preferences.