Breivik, a rightwing extremist who is serving a 21-year prison term for killing 77 people, published a 1,500-page manifesto moments before his 2011 murderous spree.
The 34-year-old killer's application had reportedly caused concern among faculty staff, with some refusing to teach him.
But the university said he lacked the qualifications to take the course.
"The conclusion is that he isn't considered sufficiently qualified to start a course in political science," the rector of the university, Ole Petter Ottersen said.
He has repeatedly said he would continue his ideological struggle against a multicultural society after the attacks.
In his lengthy thesis-like manifesto quoting hundreds of authors and academics, Breivik denounced multiculturalism as Europe's doom and calls for a crusade "to repel... An ongoing Islamic invasion".
Security regulations meant he would have been banned from entering campus and would have had to take the course as a distance learning student.
Breivik never completed his secondary education but his lawyer, Vibeke Hein Baera, said he had been studying in prison to meet the necessary criteria for higher education.
He claims to have spent 16,320 hours studying, giving him "an informal education consisting of the equivalent of eight university years (or equivalent to two bachelor degrees and one master degree)."
"He's collecting points to study at university. He studied mathematics this summer and will certainly study other material to reach the required level," Baera said.
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