The sign is in contrast to Duterte's own iconic gesture, a clenched fist raised at or above eye level that is immensely popular with his support, but which opponents have likened to Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's hand salute.
Opposition lawmakers and other members of a new anti- Duterte coalition performed the Hunger Games salute in unison Monday, while announcing protests on Thursday against what they said was his "path filled with violence, contempt for law and hate".
"It resonates with many young people," said Emman Hizon, chief of staff of opposition Senator Risa Hontiveros, another of those who made the three-finger salute.
Used by the lead character Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games series, the salute is portrayed as a symbol of resistance in a dystopian future where youths are forced to engage in annual fight-to-the-death combat.
The gesture has since been adopted by pro-democracy protesters in military junta-ruled Thailand. Thai protesters have been arrested for flashing the salute.
Hand signs are powerful political symbols in the Philippines, a riotous democracy with a bloodstained history of military dictatorship.
A generation ago, activists used the "L" hand sign to show opposition to the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, toppled in a bloodless "People Power" revolution in 1986.
Supporters of Marcos, who was accused of massive corruption and of killing, jailing and torturing dissidents during a 20-year rule, had countered with his "V for victory" sign.
Apart from anger over the drug war, in which police have reported killing more than 3,800 suspects, critics also allege Duterte is imposing a form authoritarian rule that could lead to another dictatorship.
Duterte has repeatedly warned he may impose martial law, saying military rule could solve many of the nation's problems.
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