At tea on the third day, Ashes-holders England were 211 for four -- a deficit of 316 runs -- and still needing a further 117 runs to reach a total of 328 that would see them avoid the follow-on
But they had at least denied Australia who, at 2-0 down with three to play, had to win this match to stand any chance of regaining the Ashes, a wicket in the session.
England resumed Saturday on 52 for two after Australia had made 527 for seven declared on the back of captain Michael Clarke's commanding 187.
It was Clarke's highest Test score against England and the highest in an overseas Test by any Australian since nightwatchman Jason Gillespie's extraordinary 201 not out against Bangladesh seven years ago.
Shortly before Friday's close, Australia paceman Peter Siddle removed opener Joe Root and nightwatchman Tim Bresnan.
England captain Alastair Cook was 36 not out and Jonathan Trott two not out.
Trott's exit brought in fellow South Africa-born batsman Pietersen, arguably England's most talented batsman.
Pietersen, however, was fortunate not to nick his first ball, an excellent delivery from Harris, and then got off the mark only by just keeping out a fine yorker from the same bowler.
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