US President Donald Trump last week threatened retaliatory action against China and South Korea and vowed to revise or scrap a 2012 free trade deal with the South which he described as a "disaster".
Trump also put his "America First" doctrine into action last month by imposing duties of 20 to 50 per cent on large washing machines made in nations including the South, as well as tariffs on solar panels imported from China and elsewhere.
The trade frictions have strained ties at a time when Seoul and Washington are seeking to present a united front against North Korea's nuclear threat.
Moon, at a meeting with aides, expressed concern over "intensifying protectionism" that may take a toll on the Souths export-reliant economy - also the world's 11th largest.
"I am concerned that widening restrictions by the US on our exports, including steel, electronics, solar panels and washing machines, may take a toll on the exports despite their global competitiveness," he said.
Moon also urged officials to "actively argue the unfairness" of the tariffs when renegotiating the bilateral free trade deal.
Moon's comments also came days after the US Commerce Department recommended hefty new tariffs on steel imports from countries including the South.
The US trade deficit - which Trump has vowed repeatedly to fix - widened even further during his first year in office, up 12 per cent to USD 566 billion.
Two previous rounds of talks made little progress and Seoul's chief trade negotiator Kim Hyun-chong said at the time there was "a long way to go".
The next round of negotiations is scheduled in Washington next month.
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