A Saudi government official said Barzani should drop plans to hold a referendum "in light of the situation in the region and the dangers it is facing, and in order to avoid new crises".
He called on the Kurdish leader to make use of his "wisdom and experience", the state-run Saudi Press Agency said.
Holding the referendum as planned on September 25 could have "negative consequences on the political, security and humanitarian fronts".
Regional kingpin Saudi Arabia is the latest country to voice its opposition to the referendum in oil-rich Iraqi Kurdistan.
But Barzani has so far resisted pressure from Baghdad and Iraq's neighbours Turkey and Iran, as well as from the United States and its Western allies, to call off the vote.
Iraq's supreme court has ordered the suspension of the referendum to examine claims made by the federal government that it was unconstitutional.
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