"Charlie will be free!" cried a woman joining a crowd in front of Paris' Notre Dame cathedral a moment before noon (local time) when the country observed a national minute of silence.
Among the hundreds gathered on the ancient square, many were in tears or stood with their eyes closed, while some prayed and a long line formed to enter the cathedral for a special memorial mass.
There was also tension, with large numbers of riot police moving through Paris in vans and camouflaged soldiers with automatic rifles on guard outside some government buildings.
But the main feeling in the capital was one of sadness.
At the major rail station of Saint-Lazare, staff called on travellers and workers to pause at midday. "We must stick together and save our freedom of speech," said Julie, 37, who works for the national SNCF rail company.
The government has called for another round of even bigger demonstrations of nationwide solidarity on Sunday.
Ten people at Charlie Hebdo -- including the chief editor and renowned cartoonists -- were gunned down yesterday by two men. Two policemen were also shot, one of them shot in the head at close range as he lay wounded on the sidewalk.
Shocked politicians led by President Francois Hollande were seen on television taking part in the minute's silence.
Islamic organisations from across France quickly sought to distance themselves from the jihadists and called on Muslims to join today's moment of silence and for imams to condemn terrorism at Friday prayers.
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