Soon, 'wi-fi' drug delivery via electronic implants

An electronic implant that can eliminate bacterial infection by delivering heat to infected tissue when triggered by a remote wireless signal has been developed.
The silk and magnesium devices created by researchers at Tufts University, and a team at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, harmlessly dissolved in mice. The technique had previously been demonstrated only in vitro.
"This is an important demonstration step forward for the development of on-demand medical devices that can be turned on remotely to perform a therapeutic function in a patient and then safely disappear after their use, requiring no retrieval," said senior author Fiorenzo Omenetto, from Tufts School of Engineering.

"These wireless strategies could help manage post-surgical infection, for example, or pave the way for eventual 'wi-fi' drug delivery," said Omenetto.
Implantable medical devices typically use non-degradable materials that have limited operational lifetimes and must eventually be removed or replaced.
The new wireless therapy devices are robust enough to survive mechanical handling during surgery but designed to harmlessly dissolve within minutes or weeks depending on how the silk protein was processed, said the research paper's first author, Hu Tao.

Each fully dissolvable wireless heating device consists of a serpentine resistor and a power-receiving coil made of magnesium deposited onto a silk protein layer.

The magnesium heater is encapsulated in a silk "pocket" that protects the electronics and controls its dissolution time.
Devices were implanted in vivo in S aureus infected tissue and activated by a wireless transmitter for two sets of 10-minute heat treatments.
Tissue collected from the mice 24 hours after treatment showed no sign of infection, and surrounding tissues were found to be normal.
Devices completely dissolved after 15 days, and magnesium levels at the implant site and surrounding areas were comparable to levels typically found in the body.
The researchers also conducted in vitro experiments in which similar remotely controlled devices released the antibiotic ampicillin to kill E coli and S aureus bacteria.

The wireless activation of the devices was found to enhance antibiotic release without reducing antibiotic activity.
The research was published in the journal PNAS.