England were 317 for five at the close, with the left-handed Stokes on 74 not out. An injury-depleted South African bowling attack, spearheaded by Kagiso Rabada, kept England in check for much of a hot, cloudless day on a batsman-friendly pitch.
Rabada, 20, playing in his first home Test, took three for 74. The match seemed evenly poised when Joe Root was dismissed for 50 by new cap Chris Morris. But Stokes and Jonny Bairstow (39 not out) put on an unbeaten 94 for the sixth wicket.
By the close he had faced 93 balls and hit 11 fours and a six. Alex Hales and Root hit half-centuries, while Nick Compton made 45 after England won the toss and made first use of a pitch with good bounce but minimal sideways movement.
Hales, playing in his second Test match, hit 60 -- his maiden Test half-century -- and shared stands of 55 with opening partner Alastair Cook and 74 for the second wicket with Compton.
Rabada made it two wickets in two balls when he dismissed James Taylor with the first ball after tea but Root and Stokes put on 56 for the fifth wicket before Morris claimed his first wicket in Test cricket when Root edged an attempted cut to wicketkeeper Quinton de Kock.
Rabada and off-spinner Dane Piedt were both playing in their fourth Test match, leaving Morkel, in his 69th Test, as the only experienced member of the South African bowling attack. Both Rabada and Morris built up good pace, with Rabada clocked at 150kmh shortly before dismissing Cook.
Pakistan leg-spinner Yasir Shah took 10 wickets at Lord's
but only managed one at Old Trafford.
However, Edgbaston has a reputation as a spin-friendly surface and Shah, still very much in the infancy of his Test career, will look to get back to his best this week.
They will have to make at least one change after all-rounder Ben Stokes was ruled out with a calf injury suffered at Old Trafford.
But the superb form of fellow pace bowling all-rounder Chris Woakes has helped England cope with Stokes's repeated absences this season.
The 27-year-old Warwickshire favourite, now looking forward to a first Test appearance on his Edgbaston home ground, has been a revelation in England's four home Tests this term.
It's all a far cry from the first six matches of his Test career, with Woakes managing just one wicket for 144 runs against South Africa at Centurion in January.
"I'd played six Tests and taken eight or nine wickets -- which isn't a record you want to shout about," said Woakes at an event staged by series sponsors Investec.
"(I was thinking) 'I can do it at first-class level, why am I not showing it at the next level?'
"You obviously have doubts about yourself ... But it's amazing what six months can do for you.
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