The activists, who organised the demonstration in central Bangkok on Saturday, are accused of "inciting unrest" and violating a junta ban on gatherings of more than five people that has been in place since the 2014 coup.
The rally, which drew an unusually large crowd, was held to protest against the military government's move last week to delay elections scheduled for November until 2019.
"They have incited the unrest and incited people not to obey the law," read the charges filed by the junta's lawyers yesterday. They carry up to seven years in prison.
Police have summoned the group to report by February 2, said a senior officer who requested anonymity.
The junta has repeatedly reneged on promised poll dates since its power grab.
After nearly four years, anger at prolonged military rule is growing across the political spectrum, with politicians on both sides calling for a swift return to democracy.
The junta is also battling mounting public anger over a graft scandal that has engulfed a top general with a penchant for luxury watches.
Prawit, who has been dubbed "the Rolex General", denies any corruption and says the watches were borrowed from friends.
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