Chaiyaphum Pasae, a campaigner for stateless communities in Thailand's border regions, was shot dead on Friday morning in northern Chiang Mai province after the car he was in was stopped at a military checkpoint.
The army says soldiers found drugs inside the car and opened fire after Chaiyaphum bolted from the vehicle and threatened to throw a grenade at them.
But his friends have taken to social media to say that narrative does not chime with the behaviour of an activist renowned for his community campaigns against drugs, who worked on documentaries, music and talks on rights for minority tribal groups -- such as his Lahu people.
But he added prosecutors will decide "whether to indict or not" only once facts are established.
Rights groups are concerned the military, which currently runs Thailand, cannot be relied upon to investigate.
Advocacy organisation the Cross Cultural Foundation (CCrF) called for an investigation to be conducted by a non-military "commission of inquiry".
It also urged witness protection for a 19-year-old who was also in the car, who has been detained since the incident.
Scores of other activists have died over the last decade in Thailand, where the powerful often lean on local networks to cover-up wrong-doing.
"I have ordered an investigation into the cause of this incident," he told reporters, though he urged the public to refrain from criticising the military.
Human Rights Watch said the slaying of Chaiyaphum had "set alarm bells ringing" and urged Thai authorities to "thoroughly and impartially investigate this case and make their findings public".
Chaiyaphum was one of Thailand's stateless citizens -- ethnic groups who have been allowed to stay since the Cold War-era but are denied citizenship, including for their children.
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