Toddlers who sleep less at increased obesity risk

Toddlers who sleep for less than 10 hours a day are at increased risk of becoming obese than those who sleep for at least 13 hours, a new study has warned.
Young children who sleep less eat more, which can lead to obesity and related health problems later in life, according to researchers at the University College London (UCL).
The study found that 16 month-old children who slept for less than 10 hours each day consumed on average 105kcal more per day than children who slept for more than 13 hours. This is an increase of around 10 per cent from 982kcal to 1087kcal.

Associations between eating, weight and sleep have been reported previously in older children and adults, but the study is the first to directly link sleep to energy intake in children under the age of 3 years.
The association was observed before differences in weight emerged, strongly suggesting that energy intake is a key pathway through which sleep contributes to weight gain in early childhood.
While the exact causes remain unclear, the regulation of appetite hormones may become disrupted by shorter sleeping patterns, researchers said.

The study involved 1303 UK families in the Gemini birth cohort, monitoring sleep when children were 16 months old and diet at 21 months old.

"We know that shorter sleep in early life increases the risk of obesity, so we wanted to understand whether shorter sleeping children consume more calories," said Dr Abi Fisher of the Health Behaviour Research Centre at UCL.
Previous studies in adults and older children have shown that sleep loss causes people to eat more, but in early life parents make most of the decisions about when and how much their children eat, so young children cannot be assumed to show the same patterns.
"The key message here is that shorter sleeping children may be prone to consume too many calories. Although more research is needed to understand why this might be, it is something parents should be made aware of," said Fisher.

The study was published in the International Journal of Obesity.