The blast near Kabul's main prison Pol-e-Charkhi in the eastern part of the city targeted a convoy of NATO troops, officials said.
NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which has been waging a 12-year campaign against Taliban-led insurgents, did not give the nationality of the victims.
At around 2:30 pm (1000 GMT), "a suicide car bomber driving a (Toyota) Corolla car full of explosives rammed his vehicle into a foreign forces car in Pol-e-Charkhi area of Kabul", Hashmat Stanekzai, a Kabul police spokesman, told AFP.
The attack was claimed by Hezb-i-Islami, the second largest militant group in Afghanistan after the Taliban, in a phone call to AFP.
Warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the Hezb-i-Islami leader, vowed to kill as many Western soldiers as possible before the NATO pullout, in an interview last month with Britain's Daily Telegraph.
NATO and Afghan forces cordoned off the area after today's attack, which left three civilians wounded, according to the interior ministry.
The Taliban and other Afghan insurgent groups have stepped up their attacks against Afghan and NATO troops, as international forces end their combat mission and withdraw from the country.
More than 50,000 NATO-led combat troops who are still in Afghanistan are due to leave by the end of the year.
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) warned Saturday of a new trend in the conflict in which more civilians were coming into the firing line as NATO forces reduced their operations.
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