UK develops device capable of diagnosing bacterial infections

Students from the University of Sheffield in the UK are building a device capable of quickly diagnosing bacterial infections, which could help doctors improve the way they prescribe treatment for patients.
The new tool could help doctors make more informed prescriptions, which in turn could help to tackle antibiotic resistance by reducing the number of patients with viral infections being prescribed antibiotics.
Plans for the new tool, which could differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial infections, are being showcased at iGEM 2016 - a leading international competition held in Boston, USA, where some of the world's brightest student scientists unveil their latest innovations.

The Sheffield students hope that the device could be placed in GP surgeries or walk-in centres to enable patients with flu-like symptoms to give a small blood sample and be promptly told whether they have a bacterial or non-bacterial infection and be treated accordingly.
The diagnostic tool uses genetically engineered bacteria to detect the presence of a bacterial infection in a patient's blood sample.
It can distinguish between a viral and bacterial infection by detecting a protein known as lipocalin.

This protein is produced in high levels by cells of the immune system in response to bacterial infections.
The protein's function is to bind to small molecules which bacteria use to access iron in order to grow.

The Sheffield team, which consists of students from a range of science, engineering and medicine disciplines, are developing the device so that genetically modified bacteria mixes with a patient's blood sample and turn florescent when there are low levels of the lipocalin protein - indicating a viral not bacterial infection.
Saylee Jangam, an Indian-originstudent from the University of Sheffield's iGEM team, said: "The main aim behind this project is to create more informed prescriptions to address the ever increasing resistance against antibiotics that we face today.
"Antibiotic resistance is a huge problem and this is why we chose to base our project on it. We may not be able to reverse it, but with our device, we could potentially slow it down.

"What's even more interesting is that we are using genetically engineered bacteria to detect the presence of bacterial infections in blood - that's right - using bacteria to detect bacteria.