Pro-independence Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond favours such an arrangement should Scotland vote to leave the United Kingdom in the September 18 referendum.
But the BBC reported that Osborne, who has already said London is unlikely to back the idea, will officially rule it out on Thursday.
Prime Minister David Cameron said on Tuesday that a formal currency union would be "very difficult to justify" and Osborne would have "more to say" on the subject soon.
"It's a bluff," Sturgeon told BBC radio, claiming Osborne's position would put London at odds with public opinion on both sides of the border.
"It would cost their own businesses hundreds of millions of pounds, it would blow a massive hole in their balance of payments and it would leave them having to pick up the entirety of UK debt.
"We, Scotland, should continue to use our pound, because it is our pound as much as anybody else's."
Salmond and Sturgeon's pro-independence Scottish National Party has said Scotland will not join the euro -- formerly their favourite option.
The SNP also does not want to establish a separate currency, preferring to remain with the Bank of England as the central bank and lender of last resort.
If London says no to such an arrangement post-independence, Scotland could in theory carry on using the pound sterling without having any say in Bank of England monetary policy.
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