Russia had called the informal talks, which were presided over by the United States, which heads the rotating presidency of the 15-nation council in December and leads the international coalition fighting the Islamic State Group in Iraq and Syria.
"It was very important to call the attention of the Security Council to this situation," Russia's UN envoy Vitaly Churkin said yesterday.
"We believe Turkey has acted recklessly and inexplicably in carrying our additional deployments in Iraq without the consent of the Iraqi government."
He called the Turkish moves "a reflection of the lack of legality in the actions of the international coalition led by the US."
"The impact of this meeting would have been stronger with a united message but we were not able to achieve that," Churkin added.
Iraqi ambassador Mohamed Ali Alhakim stressed that Baghdad and Ankara "are working on this bilaterally" and that the talks were "going very well." He said the initiative was not discussed with Moscow.
"We continue to believe that the best path forward, here, is for Turkey and Iraq to work this out bilaterally, and to have discussions," he said.
"They have, and we're encouraged by that."
Relations between Moscow and Ankara have been tense since Turkish fighter jets shot down a Russian military plane on the Syrian border on November 24.
Since then, Russia has imposed sanctions on Turkey, including a ban on the import of some Turkish foods and a halt on sales of Turkish holiday travel packages -- a major blow to the tourist industry.
Meanwhile, Baghdad has demanded that Turkey withdraw its troops from northern Iraq, where Ankara has deployed a contingent of between 150 and 300 soldiers, backed by 20 tanks.
On Sunday, Baghdad gave Ankara 48 hours to remove its forces, but a senior Turkish official said this week that his government was unlikely to comply.
"It will depend on discussions," the Turkish official said.