The theoretical concept, which has not yet been demonstrated in practice, could heat a small amount of water by as much as 600 degrees Celsius in just half a picosecond (a trillionth of a second).
That is much less than the proverbial blink of an eye: one picosecond is to a second what one second is to almost 32 millennia. This would make the technique the fastest water-heating method on Earth.
All it takes for superfast water heating is a concentrated flash of terahertz radiation. Terahertz radiation consists of electromagnetic waves with a frequency between radio waves and infrared.
The terahertz pulse changes the strength of the interaction between water molecules in a very short time, which immediately start to vibrate violently.
The scientists from the Hamburg Center for Free-Electron Laser Science calculated the interaction of the terahertz flash with bulk water.
The simulations were performed at the Supercomputer Center Julich and used a total of 200,000 hours of processor time by massively parallel computing.
The concept opens up interesting new ways for experiments with heated samples of chemical or biological relevance.
The novel method can only heat about one nanolitre (billionth of a litre) in one go. This may sound small, but is large enough for most experiments.
Although the hot mini-cloud will fly apart in less than a millisecond, it lasts long enough to unravel everything of interest in thermal reactions such as the combination of small organic molecules to form new substances.
The reaction progress can be probed with ultrashort X-ray flashes like they will be produced by the 3.4-kilometre-long X-ray free-electron laser European XFEL, which currently is being built between the DESY campus in Hamburg and the neighbouring town of Schenefeld.
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