Indian airlines target smaller cities as main routes' margins contract

Passenger numbers are expected to grow by more than 75% in the next six years for domestic travel

The airport in Patna, one of India's smaller cities and the capital of its poorest state, Bihar, is so crowded that government authorities this year said they need to build another one.

The airport has seen the number of passengers and daily flights double in four years as the country's largest carrier IndiGo Airlines and smaller rivals like GoAir seek to cash on a surge in demand for air travel from smaller regions, to offset losses on highly competitive "trunk" routes linking big cities.

"We are close to capacity in our arrivals and departure lounges," said Santosh Kumar, who runs operations at Patna airport. "We can handle more planes but it is only possible with a bigger terminal. We need a bigger airport."

Higher disposable incomes, an expanding middle class and rapid urbanisation have made India one of the world's fastest growing domestic aviation markets, where passenger numbers are expected to grow by 75 per cent in the next six years, to exceed 217 million.

Much of that growth is expected to come from smaller cities like Patna, where more people are flying for the first time. Passenger numbers from these places have risen nearly 17 per cent a year since 2009, compared to 7.6 per cent from larger hubs, the data from the Asia-Pacific Centre for Aviation show.

That trend is set to continue as more airports are built in smaller cities. This month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government picked five smaller cities to kick off a nationwide initiative to build about 50 new airports.

"The opportunity is changing," said Aditya Ghosh, president of IndiGo, which now flies larger Airbus A320 planes to and from Patna, instead of smaller ATR jets. "On some of these smaller routes, the planes are more full than the trunk routes."

Fifth largest carrier GoAir has also boosted flights to and from Patna and other smaller cities, Chief Executive Giorgio de Roni said, as these regional routes now make more money than the more congested routes between Mumbai and Delhi.

State carrier Air India's regional unit is also looking at increasing its fleet to tap a larger share of this market, industry officials said. Air India did not respond to requests for comments.

While more established carriers see regional travel as a way to counter the razor-thin margins and losses on big city routes, a crop of new airlines are catering only to regional demand.

Zav Airways plans to start flying within the northeast in 2015, when Air Carnival also aims to fly within the south, according to CAPA.

Air Costa began flying within southern India last October and this year, it agreed to buy 50 jets from Embraer SA, in the biggest aircraft deal for an Indian regional carrier so far this year.

Chief Financial Officer Vivek Choudhary said Air Costa was bracing for competition. "But we are capitalising on the first-mover advantage," he added.

For now, demand for regional travel outstrips supply, making the sector attractive for airlines. Air travel penetration in India remains small in global terms, with 0.04 annual trips per capita against 0.3 in China and more than two in the US.

Industry analysts, however, warn that as more carriers pile into the sector, fares will fall and airlines will face the same pressure on yields as they do now on big city routes.

 

"There is huge latent demand in some of these smaller cities," said Dhiraj Mathur, an executive director at PwC India who focuses on aerospace and defence. "But there's always a danger from increased competition."