Ravi, a 49-year-old shopkeeper in Zamrudpur, makes his way carefully down the pothole-riddled road to his small hardware shop. Situated deep within the area’s narrow, congested lanes, the shop has been his livelihood for years. But even before he can reach it, he loses his footing while leaping over a pothole, scattering the items he is carrying onto the ground. Passersby rush to help, picking up the fallen goods.
“Earlier, I never faced such problems,” he says, dusting himself off. “My shop used to be on the main road, but when the metro line was being constructed in 2009, a

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