Higher tax fears spur capital restructuring in Corporate India

Inter-se transfers worth Rs 1.5 lakh cr in RIL, Aurobindo

With a new higher tax regime coming into effect from April 1, top corporates and wealthy investors are in a rush to restructure their shareholding. On Wednesday, Reliance Industries (RIL) announced a restructuring involving Rs 1.3 lakh crore of shares within promoter entities. Similarly, Aurobindo Pharma last week transferred shares totalling Rs 13,200 crore belonging to promoters into a family trust. Investment guru Shivanand Mankekar, too, was seen undertaking similar restructuring. Legal experts said shares worth a few lakh crores or more could be restructured before March 31. 

Mukesh Ambani-controlled RIL said 15 promoter group entities would transfer their 1.19 billion shares in the company to eight other promoter group entities at a price of Rs 1,100.78 per share. While this amounts to 36.7 per cent of the company’s share capital, the transfer will not result in any change in the promoter group’s shareholding, which stands at 45.24 per cent in the company.

Until now, such transfers didn’t have tax implications. However, with the new Budget proposal, transfers between individuals and trusts or limited liability partnerships (LLPs) — which were earlier considered a gift — will now be regarded as income and attract tax in the hands of the recipient. In what would make matters more complex, any transfer made at less than the market value will be deemed ‘fair market value’ for computation of tax by tax authorities.

To incorporate these changes, a new section — Section 56 (2) (X) — has been proposed to be introduced into the Income Tax Act. Stringent provisions under this could sound the death knell for corporate restructuring plans, said experts.

“The broad-basing of the deemed income provision under Section 56 is unfortunately an extreme provision, and can have unintended consequences, including virtually killing any kind of restructuring, even where the economic interest before and after the transfer is identical or similar, within a family or otherwise,” said Ketan Dalal, senior tax partner, PWC, while declining to comment on any individual company’s plans.

Tax experts said the impact of Section 56 (2) (X) could be felt beyond the stock markets.

For instance, the changes could have a bearing on transfers in real estate, mergers & acquisitions, asset restructuring companies (ARCs) and estate management. The ‘fair market value’ computation for non-stock market transactions could even become a contentious issue, said experts.

“I think the section could have a lot of unintended consequences - in case of transfers within families or assets purchased by ARCs. Typically, ARCs purchase assets from other institutions at prices lower than the market value,” said Pranay Bhatia, partner-direct tax, BDO India.

Experts said transfers made to family trusts, in a majority of the cases, are part of an inheritance plan and the shares received are not a consideration but an obligation to safeguard the assets and pass it on to the end-beneficiaries.

“The inheritance and succession planning is usually driven by several non-tax considerations. Logically, if the transfer is between relatives, there should be no tax, either on the transferor or the transferee. However, as a result of the amendment made in the Budget, even if the recipient is a private trust with beneficiaries being relatives of the settler or transferor, there can be potential tax exposure, which does not seem to have been intended; this should be addressed before the Bill becomes an Act,” said Dalal.