Walking as good as running for heart

Study finds if the amount of energy expended was the same between the two groups, then health benefits were comparable

Walking briskly can lower your risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes as much as running can, according to a new study.

US researchers analysed 33,060 runners in the National Runners' Health Study and 15,045 walkers in the National Walkers' Health Study.

They found that the same energy used for moderate intensity walking and vigorous intensity running resulted in similar reductions in risk for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and possibly coronary heart disease over the study's six years.

"Walking and running provide an ideal test of the health benefits of moderate-intensity walking and vigorous-intensity running because they involve the same muscle groups and the same activities performed at different intensities," said Paul T Williams, the study's principal author and staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Science Division in Berkeley, California.

Unlike previous studies, the researchers assessed walking and running expenditure by distance, not by time. Participants provided activity data by responding to questionnaires.

"The more the runners ran and the walkers walked, the better off they were in health benefits. If the amount of energy expended was the same between the two groups, then the health benefits were comparable," Williams said.

Comparing energy expenditure to self-reported, physician-diagnosed incident hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease, researchers found that running significantly reduced risk for first-time hypertension by 4.2%  and walking reduced risk by 7.2%.

Running reduced first-time high cholesterol risk by 4.3% and walking by 7%. First-time diabetes risk was reduced by 12.1% compared to 12.3% for walking.

Running lowered coronary heart disease risk by 4.5% compared to 9.3% for walking.

"Walking may be a more sustainable activity for some people when compared to running, however, those who choose running end up exercising twice as much as those that choose walking. This is probably because they can do twice as much in an hour," Williams said.

Study participants were 18 to 80 years old, clustered in their 40s and 50s. Men represented 21% of the walkers and 51.4% of the runners.

The study was published in the American Heart Association journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology.