Oil prices rise as market expects extended output cut led by Opec

Brent futures and US WTI futures gained more than 10% from their May lows below $50/barrel

Oil prices rose on Wednesday, supported by a confidence that the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec)-led output cut aimed at tightening supply would be extended to all of 2017 and the first quarter of next year.

Brent futures rose to $54.34 per barrel by 06:52 GMT, up 19 cents, or 0.35 per cent, from their last close.

US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures were at $51.64 a barrel, up 17 cents, or 0.33 per cent.

Both benchmarks have gained more than 10 per cent from their May lows below $50 a barrel, rebounding on a consensus that the Opec and other producers, including Russia, would extend their pledge to cut supplies by 1.8 million barrels per day (bpd) to March 2018, instead of just covering the first half of 2017.

"Opec is meeting on 25 May with an extension of supply cuts at the top of its agenda. With oil stocks nowhere near the Opec's ... objective of the recent five-year average level, an extension of cuts seems all but a foregone conclusion," French bank BNP Paribas said.

BMI Research said that the Opec-led cuts would only result in a balanced market this year and that from 2018 onward markets would return to oversupply, albeit at a lower level than 2013-2016.

"Over a 5+ year horizon, oil price growth is in a structural slowdown, pressured by persistent supply gains," BMI said.

How much does backwardation help?

A key reason why markets have not tightened more has been US oil production, which has soared by 10 percent since mid-2016 to 9.3 million bpd.

Benefiting from a market known as contango, in which future oil prices are higher than those for immediate delivery, US drillers have sold future production in order to finance expanding output.

To stop this, analysts at Goldman Sachs and elsewhere suggest the price curve should be pushed into backwardation, where future oil prices are below current ones.

While backwardation would reduce inventories, it is less clear whether it can stop rising production.

"When you have backwardation, it tells you to drain your tanks and produce more in order to monetise your production and reserves. As long as you make money from oil production, you'll produce and sell as much oil as you can," said John Driscoll, director of JTD Energy Services.

Past forward curves show that US oil production rose at its fastest pace during times when prices were in backwardation (2011 to 2014).

Though prices were then higher, Driscoll said US producers are now so efficient that they can live with a lower market.

"Break-evens for some of the US producers are estimated at close to $35-40 per barrel," he said.

Instead of selling future production in order to finance prompt output when the oil price curve is in contango, Driscoll said shale drillers can now use backwardation to sell prompt production while buying into the cheaper back-end of the curve as a hedge.