Sombat Boonngamanong, who spearheaded an online campaign to stage illegal flashmob rallies against the military takeover, was arrested yesterday in eastern Chonburi province, army spokeswoman Sirichan Ngathong said.
"We have a team who tracked him through the Internet," she told AFP.
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Sombat was one of several hundred people -- including politicians, activists, academics and journalists -- summoned by the military following its May 22 coup.
Those who attended were detained in secret locations for up to a week and ordered to cease political activities.
Sombat, a prominent pro-democracy activist, refused to turn himself in, instead posting a message on Facebook saying: "Catch me if you can".
Since then he has urged followers to stage peaceful public demonstrations, flashing the three-finger salute from the "Hunger Games" films that has become a symbol of defiance against the junta.
Sombat is the leader of a faction of the "Red Shirts" movement, which broadly supports fugitive former premier Thaksin Shinawatra and his sister Yingluck, who was deposed as prime minister last month.
A former minister in Yingluck's ousted cabinet who also refused to answer the summons was detained by soldiers in a dramatic swoop on a press conference late last month, and faces trial in a military court.
The junta has imposed martial law, media censorship and a night-time curfew as part of what it says is an attempt to end political bloodshed.
It mounted a show of military strength over the weekend, deploying soldiers to deter small but defiant anti-coup rallies that popped up outside shopping malls and near train stations in Bangkok.
Critics see the coup as a pretext for a long-planned power grab by the military-backed royalist establishment to purge politics of the influence of Thaksin, who was himself ousted by the army in 2006.
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