The US Treasury said the bank had systematically tried to hide payments involving Iranian clients between 2005 and 2009, breaking Washington's prohibitions on deals with Iranian financial institutions.
RBS had stripped off references to the Iranian institutions from payment messages so that US clearing banks were not aware of the parties involved.
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Fines of $50 million each were applied by the Federal Reserve and New York state's financial regulator, and $33 million by the Treasury.
But RBS will only pay $100 million, as the Treasury said its part "will be deemed satisfied" by the payment of the Fed portion.
"This action demonstrates our continuing efforts to aggressively enforce US sanctions laws against Iran and other sanctioned parties," said Adam Szubin, director of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control.
RBS agreed to implement procedures to prevent a recurrence of the problem, and dismissed a number of employees involved, the authorities said.
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