Turkish officials have blamed the attack on the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which is listed as a terror group by Turkey and much of the international community.
The attack took place near a police checkpoint outside the AKP offices in the heart of the bustling city, the local governor's office said in a statement.
"Forty-six civilians and two police officers were injured after a bomb-laden car... Was blown up by members of the separatist terror organisation," it added, using a term to describe Kurdish militants.
But Besir Atalay, an AKP lawmaker from Van, also pointed the finger of blame at the PKK, which is waging a bloody campaign against the Turkish state.
"The terrorist organisation has targeted our party building and the AKP's presence in the past. This is one of their attacks," he added, in live comments on the private NTV television.
Witnesses said the force of the blast shattered the windows in the surrounding vicinity and the AKP's provincial offices sustained severe damage.
Van, a city with a mixed Kurdish and Turkish population on the shores of the lake of the same name, has generally been spared the worst of attacks like those seen in the nearby city of Diyarbakir.
The city is a popular tourist destination, particularly with Iranians who arrive from across the border in huge numbers to enjoy shopping and the relaxed atmosphere.
The blast came a day after the government announced the removal of 28 mayors, mainly over alleged links to the PKK in a move strongly denounced by pro-Kurdish parties.
"You, as mayors and municipal councils, cannot stand up and support terrorist organisations," he told reporters after prayers outside an Istanbul mosque, shortly before the attack.
"You do not have such authority."
The government has stepped up its military campaign in the restive southeast to eradicate PKK militants, who have launched almost daily attacks since the rupture of a fragile ceasefire last year.
Tens of thousands of people have been killed since the PKK first took up arms in 1984, with the aim of carving out an independent state for Turkey's Kurdish minority.
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