Badakshan province Governor Shah Waliullah Adeeb said more than 2,000 people were missing after a hill collapsed on the village of Hobo Barik. Adeeb said the landslide buried some 300 homes in the area, about a third of all houses there.
The governor said rescue crews were working but did not have enough equipment, appealing for shovels.
"It's physically impossible right now," Adeeb said. "We don't have enough shovels; we need more machinery."
He said authorities evacuated a nearby village over concerns about further landslides.
Badakshan province, nestled in the Hindu Kush and Pamir mountain ranges and bordering China, is one of the most remote in the country. The area has seen few attacks from insurgents following the 2001 US-led invasion of Afghanistan.
