Ban was speaking at the Tallin University in Estonia on a tour of several Baltic states before joining a second week of climate talks in Poland.
The UN chief said the world was facing a tipping point, as countries thrash out a deal to be signed in 2015 to cut Earth-warming greenhouse gas emissions.
"There are a lot of people on Earth who seem to believe we have two Earths," Ban said.
The UN reported 4,460 people had been confirmed dead so far and said 2.5 million people still "urgently" required food assistance after the country was hit by Super Typhoon Haiyan on November 8.
The devastating typhoon -- the strongest ever to make landfall -- has been seized upon by climate change activists who have linked it to global warming.
While experts are hesitant to link extreme weather phenomena to climate change, the UN has said rising sea levels make coastal populations more vulnerable to storm surges.
The latest round of UN talks to set new climate goals comes amid warnings a 2009 aim to limit warming to an increase of 2 degrees Celsius in the average global temperature is growing ever more elusive.
In September, the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicted global surface temperatures could climb on average by as much as 4.8 C this century -- a recipe for
"We need action before it is too late," said the UN chief, adding a rise in temperatures would "affect us all. The threat is very real and we all have to take responsibility to stop it."
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