The attack in N'Djamena by a man disguised as a woman in a full-face veil came after a botched bombing of a bus station in the restive capital of Nigeria's Borno state, Maiduguri, which killed two pedestrians.
Both attacks again underlined the threat still posed by the Islamist militants, despite claimed military successes in recent months and with a new regional force set to take on the group at the end of the month.
Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari, who came to power on May 29, has made defeating Boko Haram a top priority but experts said he could not do it alone.
"The fight against Boko Haram is unlikely to be concluded with any rapidity," Ryan Cummings, chief Africa analyst with the Red24 consulting group, told AFP.
"The fact remains that while Boko Haram continues to be defined as a Nigerian problem, evidence suggests that it has become a quandary of regional proportions requiring a regional solution.
Police director-general Taher Erda said the bomber detonated his explosives belt when he was stopped at the entrance to the market for security checks.
The provisional toll was 14 dead, nine of them female traders, said police spokesman Paul Manga. One of the five men killed was a police officer, he added.
An AFP correspondent at the scene described a gruesome scene of pools of blood and human flesh. The area, in the heart of the capital, was cordoned off by security forces after the attack at about 8:45 am (0745 GMT).
In the wake of that attack, the authorities in the Muslim-majority country ordered a complete ban on the full-face veil and bombed Boko Haram positions in Nigeria.
Boko Haram this week claimed responsibility for the attack in a statement in Arabic on Twitter.
The communique was signed "Islamic State, West Africa Province", as Boko Haram has styled itself since pledging allegiance to the Islamic State group in March.
The attack in Maiduguri happened at about 7:10 am (0610 GMT) Saturday as two bombers in a motorised rickshaw tried to get into the busy Borno Express Terminal but were deterred by heavy security.
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