Six men and two women who had completely lost the use of their lower limbs all made significant progress, the researchers reported in the peer-reviewed journal Scientific Reports.
In four cases, doctors were able to upgrade their status to "partial paralysis," an unheard-of level of improvement using non-invasive techniques.
One of them -- a 32-year-old woman paralysed for more than a decade -- may have experienced the most dramatic transformation.
Within 13 months, she could walk with the help of braces and a therapist, and could produce a walking motion while suspended from a harness.
"We couldn't have predicted this surprising clinical outcome when we began the project," said Miguel Nicolelis, a neuroscientist at Duke University in North Carolina and the main architect of the rehabilitative research.
"Until now, nobody has seen recovery of these functions in a patient so many years after being diagnosed with complete paralysis," he told journalists in a phone briefing.
The progress translated into an enhanced quality of life according to the patients themselves, he added.
The innovative therapy combined several techniques to stimulate parts of the brain that once controlled the patients' long-inactive limbs.
The underlying -- but still unproven -- theory is that this process provokes changes not only in the brain, but in the damaged spinal cord as well.
Nicolelis took the global spotlight in June 2014 when a paraplegic wearing a robotic bodysuit he co-designed delivered the symbolic first kick at football's World Cup in Brazil.
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