While Cameron spent the weekend drawing up his new team of ministers, the Scottish National Party (SNP) was celebrating its seismic gains, insisting it would not be sidelined in the new parliament.
Despite pollsters predicting he would lose ground in Thursday's vote, Cameron's Conservatives won 331 of the 650 seats in parliament, giving him a second term in office - this time with a majority for his centre-right party.
While there were dramatic gains for the Conservatives and the Scottish National Party (SNP), the opposition was left in disarray after the Labour and Liberal Democrat leaders quit over their party's drubbings.
In their first editions since the full election result, British newspapers said today that Cameron had pulled off a triumphant victory thanks to a surge in support from so-called shy Conservatives.
"A fresh era of British politics dawns," read a headline in the centre-right Daily Telegraph.
The victory gives the Conservatives a freer hand than in Cameron's previous government - a coalition with the Liberal Democrats - but the slender majority leaves them prey to rebellion from within their own ranks.
"His majority is slim and using it will not be easy. His real work starts now."
Cameron had already agreed to hold an in-out referendum on Britain's European Union membership by 2017 due to pressure from the Conservative right wing and a rising UKIP and he was quick to confirm his pledge yesterday.
There is growing concern in the business community about the referendum, even though Cameron has said he will campaign to stay in as long as he can negotiate reforms to cut down on EU migrants moving to Britain.
European Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker said that the bloc's four key principles including freedom of movement were "non-negotiable".
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