Caffeine can cut risk of road crash: study

Long distance commercial drivers who consume caffeinated substances such as coffee or energy drinks, to stay awake while driving, are significantly less likely to crash than those who do not, a new study has claimed.
Researchers from Australia carried out a study of long distance commercial vehicle drivers, investigating, among other factors, the effects of caffeine on the likelihood of a crash.
Long distance drivers routinely experience monotonous and extended driving periods in a sedentary position, which has been associated with wake time drowsiness, increasing the likelihood of crashing.
Caffeine is one of the most commonly used stimulants worldwide that has been shown to increase alertness in shift workers.

However, it can also affect the quantity and quality of sleep. Studies have recognised that the use of caffeine is an effective strategy for improving alertness, but have been inconclusive in relation to the effects of caffeine to reduce the likelihood of injury.
The new study published in British Medical Journal was conducted between 2008 and 2011 in New South Wales and Western Australia.

Participants were long distance drivers, the study compared 530 drivers who crashed their vehicle while on a long distance trip (cases) with 517 drivers who had not had a crash in the previous 12 months (controls).

Forty three per cent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake.
After adjusting for factors such as age, sleep patterns, symptoms of sleep apnoea, kilometres driven, breaks taken, and night driving schedules, the researchers found that drivers who consumed caffeine to help them stay awake were 63 per cent less likely to crash than drivers who did not take caffeinated substances.
Heavy cigarette smoking alone showed a relationship with crash risk, though this did not remain after adjusting for several confounding factors.
However, having a previous crash in the past five years increased the risk of crash by 81 per cent and this remained significant.

The researchers concluded that the consumption of caffeinated substances "can significantly protect against crash risk for the long distance commercial driver".
However, they added that the benefit is only useful for a short time and having regular breaks, napping and appropriate work schedules are strongly recommended.