Accusing the BJP government of "looting" the common people and "profiteering" at their expense, Congress's senior spokesperson Ajay Maken said the party would continue its fight "until this draconian taxation regime is withdrawn".
He claimed that in every 100 rupees of petrol, Rs 51.78 was in taxes and Rs 44.40 for diesel.
He demanded a white paper on taxes imposed on fuels and the gains made by the government, and said the party would agitate across the country.
"The Congress will launch a nationwide agitation against this burdening of the common man with increased taxes and flooding the coffers of the government," he said.
Maken said the Congress would start a signature campaign at petrol pumps from September 17 and launch a big protest on September 20.
He said the party would fight this battle to reduce taxes on every available forum and challenged the BJP to come out with a white paper on taxes on fuels and the gains thereof.
"We fight for the people, tooth and nail, until this draconian taxation regime is withdrawn," he told reporters.
"Looting people, profiteering at their expense and squeezing their hard earned money is the sole aim of the BJP government. While crude oil prices plummet, petrol-diesel prices skyrocket!" he said.
He said while the Modi government has spelt out "absurd" reasons such as "Hurricanes Harvey and Irma' for the increase in petrol and diesel prices, "it has dealt a devastating blow to the savings of the common people by brazenly increasing central excise duty 11 times in the past 3.5 years."
He said while international crude oil prices came down by more than 52 per cent since the Modi government took over on May 26, 2014, petrol prices skyrocketed to a three-year high. He also said that total contribution of petroleum to the central and state exchequers would touch Rs 5.24 lakh crore in 2016-17.
"The way prices are rising and taxes are being imposed on petroleum products and other things and the economy is still going down, it puts a question mark on the working of this government," he said.
He claimed that Delhi's Arvind Kejriwal government has increased VAT on petrol twice by making amendments in the law, while the BJP-led central government has also been burdening the common people by raising taxes on petroleum products and termed it as a "cruel joke" by the BJP and AAP governments.
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